Most but by no means all vine varieties for winemaking belong to the species vitis vinifera known as the european varieties. Wine grapes are primarily cultivated from cuttings and are considered a clone. In fact, some vineyards feature living vine libraries where visitors can sample rare grapes. Red and white shares of global winegrape area, 2000 and 2010 16. The wine resembles white zinfandel with a sweeter taste, medium body, and mild acidity. The grape plant the grape is a woody perennial vine. Grapes that are green, yellow, pink or brown in color are called white grapes. Because of chenin blancs high acidity, it can be made into a wide range of wines from dry, semisweet, sweet, and sparkling. Wine grape varieties when it comes to wine grapes, there are more than 10,000 types of varieties around the world. Learn about the countries of production, aromatic profiles, infographics and more about.
The article finally develops a preliminary framework for consumercentred planning, specific to the wine industry of cyprus, but subject to testing potentially adaptable to many other. The wide range of grape varieties cultivated in germany is impressive, from a as in acolon, to z as in zweigeltrebe. Recommending varieties and species that are best for your needs. The compound bud must sur vive the winter to produce fruit and. This shift was in response to a rapidly growing preference for seedless raisins. It is for this reason that the distribution of vine varieties in countries that primarily produce table grapes and dried grapes is very different from that of predominantly wineproducing countries. Wine grape varieties authorised for production and for labelling and presentation in the wine sector, in application of article 81 and. These grapes are rich in vitamin c and have a sweet pulp. The wines tend to taste like blackberries and cedar. These grapes are also grown widely in california and australia.
Click below to download a pdf version of each presentation. The grape leafhopper is the most common insect pest of grapes in new mexico. One of its hallmark qualities is the bright acidity which gives it versatility with food. Eu countries competent authorities for granting authorisations for vine plantings. The aim was to combine the good resistance to diseases and phylloxera of the american grape varieties with the high quality of european varietals. Grape varieties grapevine cutting sales by lon rombough. In order to ensure quality grapes for quality wine we have taken advice from both bulgarian and italian experts in viticulture. Consistent production of high quality grapes requires properly matching the variety to the climate of the vineyard site. The vine varieties selected reflect the soil and climatic conditions specific for the gulbanis vineyards. Leaf injury associated with copper and sulfur in northern grape varieties. Traditionally, there were more white wine varieties grown in the world, but in last years, red wines dominate due to changes in wine consumption, especially in nontraditional wine countries such as china, where they prefer red wines. Wine grape varieties summary table of wine varieties white varieties.
The term grape variety actually refers to cultivars rather than botanical varieties according to the international code of nomenclature for cultivated plants, because they are propagated by cuttings and may have unstable reproductive properties. Georgia boasts more than 500 varieties of indigenous grapesnearly onesixth of the worlds grape varietiesincluding endangered vines found nowhere else on earth. Distribution of the worlds grapevine varieties pdf. They are also the most common varieties of grapes for the home gardener. Perennial portions of the plant include the roots, trunk, and perhaps cordons.
The major challenge in growing grapes is winter injury, which is likely to occur during the grapevine life. Use the search box below to learn about any of the worlds wine grape varieties and blends more than 1,000 are covered in detail. Read growing grapes in minnesota a 70 page book from mgga and the midwest grape production guide. Typically three types of grapes are grown in kentucky. Wine grape variety recommendations for ohio the ohio state. These shoots arise from com pound buds that are produced at a leaf base or axil a year earlier. Bordeaux uses the cabernet sauvignon grape, usually mixed in with merlot. Wine and table grape cultivars represent two divergent germplasm pools with different origins and domestication history, as well as differential characteristics for berry size, cluster architecture and berry chemical profile, among. List of grape varieties horticulture and soil science. Whole genome comparison between table and wine grapes. Site selection soil and topography welldrained loam, ph 6.
Among the top ten grape varieties of the world, there are many socalled international varieties. Wine grape varieties buy grape vines willis orchards. It is for this reason that the distribution of vine varieties in countries that. Pinot noir, syrah, nebbiolo and zinfandel are some of famous red grapes. The major grapes producing countries include italy, france, the united states, spain, and china. Preliminary assessment patty mcmanus, university of wisconsin how climate influenced grape maturity in 11 northern grape variety trials from south dakota to massachusetts.
Even the most impressive wine lover would find it hard to list them all. Australian wine grape production projections to 2012. The climate in kentucky is the limiting factor to grape production. Identify potential sales prospects and new markets. Wine grape varieties of the future american journal of. White varieties presently in demand are chardonnay, semil. There are a couple of concerns to be aware of at harvest time. Top 30 red varieties shares of global wine area, 2000 and 2010 14. Wine grapes types of wine grapes wine grape varieties. Raisin grape varieties university of california, davis.
One of the most widely planted and recognized white grapes in the world, chardonnay can produce a wide range of styles but tends to produce medium to fullbodied whites that can be quite complex chenin blanc. The catawba grape is primarily grown in the northwest region, but can be found across the. Since recommendations for grape insect control are subjected to frequent change, chemical control measures are not given here. These are french but are grown in so many countries that people tend to call them international. Including cultural and propagation information, if needed. Most pinot noir grapes are subjected to a cold maceration period prior to fermentation so as to extract extra colour from it.
The primary aim of these hybrids was to combine the phylloxera tolerance and. Share of red varieties in national winegrap e area, 2000 and 2010 17. Grower winery relations consider a wine grape contract that promotes quality grape production introduction this is the first of what we, the outer coastal plain vineyard association, intend to be a series of publications on enhancement of grower and winery relations 1. Cabernet sauvignon wines are made from these grapes on the vine they are red, small, and tough.
Distribution of the worlds grapevine varieties international. Another important consideration is the heat unit or growing degreeday accumulation, which is the. Wineries currently occupy around 25 million acres in over 60 countries and account for over 27 million. During the past 50 years, over 300,000 vines of known parentage have been grown to the fruiting stage. Consultation on plant varieties and cultural practices. Yantai, china, june 2015 which winegrape varieties was awarded first place in the world at the international gourmand awards, for the digital wine category w 1 12 cited by harvard university researchers in nature climate change, january 2018, in from pinot to xinomavro in the worlds future winegrowing regions, pages 2937. Relative characteristics of concord and other varieties are listed in tables 2 and 3. Production guide for organic grapes university of missouri. Wine grape varieties book excerpts wine grape varieties of commercial importance represent only a fraction of thousands of grapevine varieties grown throughout the world. Grape varieties wine basics discovery the wine society. Selecting grape varieties that are adapted to prevailing climatic and soil conditions. Grape varieties for indiana ho221w purdue extension 2 ripening varieties require at least 150 frostfree days, and late ripening varieties require180 days or more. Italy was the largest grapes producing country, with an annual. Sun world innovations operates one of the largest and longest running proprietary table grape breeding and licensing enterprise in the world.
These are the varieties originally native to the middle east, which have over several thousand years been grown and developed into the varieties that we know today. Ensure your companys success by making informed business decisions based on market conditions and emerging trends. The oldest winery is the areni1 winery in armenia and is 6100 years old. We strongly recommend you seek advice on this important decision from winemakers and wine grape specialists. Enjoy our free introductions to nearly 700 wine grapes. Searchers online encyclopedia of wine grape varieties. Grape varieties learning about grape varieties is a great foundation to expanding your wine knowledge and learning which wine styles youll love. Grape varieties for indiana purdue agriculture purdue university. More information on the concord grape may be found in a separate publication zabadal et al. Olmo the first crosses to produce new grape varieties were made in 1931, 2 years after the university began the breeding project. Catawba is a spicy flavored slipskin grape with a pronounced v. Winemakers employ a range of winemaking techniquesfrom the traditional. To manufacture a high quality wine, a qualified winemaker knows how to merge and choose the grapes from many varieties. Ask your county extension agent for the most recent recommendations.
Growing grapes in new mexico new mexico state university. Grapes from gurneysfind the perfect grape for your zone. This guide for organic grape production is an outline of cultural and pest management practices and includes topics that have an impact on improving plant health and reducing pest problems. The majority of those cultivated for wine production belong to the european vine species vitis vinifera, which has been used to produce wine for more than six thousand years. Take a u of m course on grapes and wine entitled hort 1031 vines and wines an introduction to viticulture and enology as well as a more advanced course on fruit growing, hort 5031 sustainable viticulture and fruit production. This grape variety has a thin skin and less pigmentation as compared to most red grape varieties. Grape and wine research and development corporation database record 1,271 different grape varieties. Find your favorite seedless grape with choices from red, white, pink and purple.
This list of grape varieties includes cultivated grapes, whether used for wine, or eating as a table grape, fresh or dried raisin, currant, sultana the term grape variety refers to cultivars rather than actual botanical varieties according to the international code of nomenclature for cultivated plants, because they are propagated by cuttings and may have unstable reproductive properties. There are over 20 species of wild grape throughout canada and the united states. Wine making has been around since before written history and is still highly popular today. Wine grape production in 200910 wine grape production in 200910 is estimated by the abs vineyards census to have been 1. Although grapes are draught resistant, they will need some water in dry summers, especially during their first season. The selection of varieties and rootstocks for a particular site is complex as it will influence the future profitability of your vineyard. Asev members, please sign in at asev to access the journal online. Explore the wonderful word of aromas and flavors of your favorite wine grape varieties. Historically, the raisin industry has relied almost entirely on old world grape varieties. Or use the grid below to access all our grape variety articles and infographics. This list of grape varieties includes cultivated grapes, whether used for wine, or eating as a table grape, fresh or dried raisin, currant, sultana.
The first page of the pdf of this article appears above. While some can be dual purpose, table grape and dried grape varieties tend to differ from wine grape varieties. Some grapevine varieties are planted in numerous countries and thus are. Grapes ripen all at the same time, and should be picked when they are ripe, not left on the vines because the threat of botrytis mold is high during this time, especially if it rains. These account for a good third of the 103,079 hectares of vineyards in 2019. Therefore, selecting a variety should take into account its. We promise youll love our grape varieties because weve proudly tested and trialed all of them right here at the gurneys farm. This reflects the adverse effects on production of both reduced irrigation water supplies. Our ultimate grape guides are here to help you discover more about the flavour profiles, regions and history of the worlds bestloved grape varieties, from those used to make red wine, white wine. The guide is divided into sections, but the interrelated quality of. Catawba is best served chilled, and pairs with barbecue, fried chicken, and earthy cheeses. Top 30 white varieties shares of global wine area, 2000 and 2010 15. The latest wine industry metrics, market analysis and trends shaping the wine industry. This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total.
In our italian vineyards, fro m the harvesting of chardonnay, pinot noir, pinot blanc and meunier we obtain the base wine that, worked according to the metodo classico, will develop unique flavours and aromas, as well as the characteristic sparkle. Selecting and breeding new grape varieties harold p. The grape is also famously grown in frances loire valley. During the month of august to november the red grapes grow in plenty. Oh, there is a third type of grape, but it is not commonly cultivated.